- John Corigliano
The Ghosts of Versailles (1991)
- G Schirmer Inc (World)
- 3(2pic).3(ca).3(Ebcl,bcl).3(cbn)/4431/timp.4perc/hp.pf(cel).synth/str (min 14.10.8.8.6 players)
- 2(2pic).2(ca).2(Ebcl,bcl).2(cbn)/2220/timp(perc).3perc/hp,pf(cel).synth/str (6.6.4.4.3 players)
- Cast: principals = 4S, Mz, A, 4T, 2Bar, 2B, associates = 2Mz, Bar(speaking role), B, ensemble = 4S, 2Mz, 2T, 2Bar, B
- 2 hr 50 min
- Libretto by William M. Hoffman suggested by Beaumarchais’ “La Mère coupable.”
- English
- 11th April 2025, Morrison Theatre Brockman Hall for Opera, Houston, TX, United States of America
- 13th April 2025, Morrison Theatre Brockman Hall for Opera, Houston, TX, United States of America
Programme Note
Libretto
William M. Hoffman suggested by Beaumarchais' "La Mère coupable."
About the orchestra and cast
The original production included ensembles onstage:
- players = hpd, man, gtr, hp, vn, va, 3vc, 2db
- rheita band (Act I Scene 5) = ob, 2perc
- ball orchestra (Act II, scene 5) = fl, vn, va, vc
- marchers = 2hn, [opt 2tpt, perc]
In both the full and reduced orchestrations, the parts for these players have now been incorporated into the pit orchestra parts.
Major productions to date, including the premiere, cast more singers than are actually required by the list of major and supporting roles. The opera requires only a minimum of twenty-eight performers to fulfill its casting requirements.
Cast
Principals: 14
soloists playing one role only
FLORESTINE - High Lyric or Coloratura Soprano
MARIE ANTOINETTE - Lyric or Lirico-spinto Soprano
ROSINA - Lyric Soprano
SUSANNA - Mezzo-soprano (or Mezzo-contralto)
ALMAVIVA - Lyric Tenor
LÉON - Lyric Tenor
PATRICK HONORÉ BÉGEARSS - Dramatic Tenor
BEAUMARCHAIS - High Lyric Baritone
FIGARO - Lyric Baritone
LOUIS XVI - Bass
GHOST QUARTET - Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass
Associate Principals: 4
soloists playing one main role among other supporting roles
CHERUBINO - High Lyric Mezzo-soprano
also plays
Figaro Pursuer 5/Turkish Embassy Pursuer 6/Revolutionary Woman 5
SAMIRA - Mezzo-soprano
also plays
Figaro Pursuer 6/Revolutionary Woman 6
WILHELM - Baritone and spoken part
also plays
Other Man (Fig. Pursuer 9)/ (T.E. Pursuer 10)/Juror 2/Finale Pursuer 10
SULEYMAN PASHA - Basso Profundo
also plays
Muscovite 3/Juror 4/Prisoner 1/Finale Pursuer 12
Ensemble: 10
soloists playing multiple supporting roles
4 Soprano
2 Mezzo-soprano
2 Tenor
2 Baritone
play
Pursuers of Figaro, Turkish duelists, page, dancing and harem girls,
"rheita" players, acrobats, revolutionary guards, revolutionary women,
courtiers, dancers, prison guards, prisoners, soldiers.
For information about an Opera-in-Concert version of The Ghosts of Versailles with projections by Jerome Sirlin click here
The following vocal selections from The Ghosts of Versailles are available for purchase:
- Aria of the Worm
- As Summer Brings a Wistful Breeze
- Come Now My Darling
- Figaro Was Supposed to Return the Necklace: Beaumarchais' Aria
- Samira's Aria: Cavatina
- They Are Always With Me: Marie Antoinette's Aria
- They Wish They Could Kill Me: Figaro's Aria
- O God of Love (Sextet)
Synopsis
Act I
The ghosts of the court of Louis XVI arrive at the theatre of Versailles. Bored and listless, even the King is uninterested when Beaumarchais arrives and declares his love for the Queen. As Marie Antoinette is too haunted by her execution to reciprocate his love, Beaumarchais announces his intention to change her fate through the plot of his new opera 'A Figaro for Antonia.'
The cast of the opera-within-the-opera is introduced. Following the familiar escapades of the Figaro characters, Almaviva has divorced the Countess after she had a son, Leon, with Cherubino. Leon wants to marry Florestine, Almaviva's illegitimate daughter, but the Count has forbidden the union as retribution for his wife's infidelity and has promised Florestine instead to Bégearss.
Figaro enrages the Count by warning him that his trusted Bégearss is in fact a revolutionary spy. Figaro is fired, but overhears Bégearss and his servant Wilhelm hatching a plot to arrest the Count that evening at the Turkish Embassy when he sells the Queen's necklace to the English Ambassador. Figaro intercepts the plot by infiltrating the party, dressed as a dancing girl. During the outrageous performance of the Turkish singer Samira, Figaro steals the necklace from the Count before the sale can take place, and runs away.
Act II
Figaro returns only to defy Beaumarchais's intention that he return the necklace to the queen, as he wants to sell it to help the Almavivas escape. To put the story back on course, Beaumarchais enters the opera and shocks Figaro into submission by allowing him to witness the unfair trial of Marie.
The Count, swayed by his wife's wishes, rescinds his offer to Bégearss of his daughter's hand. Even though Figaro gives him the necklace, Bégearrs is enraged and sends the Spaniards to the prison where Marie Antoinette lingers.
Beaumarchais and Figaro, the only two to escape, arrive at the prison to try to rescue the Almavivas. They are shortly followed by Bérgeass whom Figaro denounces to the revolutionaries, revealing that he has kept the necklace rather than using it to feed the poor. Bégearss is carried off, the Almavivas escape to America and Beaumarchais is left with the keys to the Queen's cell. But the power of his love has made the Queen accept her fate and she refuses to let Beaumarchais alter the course of history. Marie is executed, and the pair is united in Paradise.
Composer Note
For many years after the glorious premiere of The Ghosts of Versailles, I have always felt that my opera was haunted by its spectacular production. People associated it with Prokofiev’s War and Peace — a work that could not exist without the grandest and most expensive mounting. So, like War and Peace, most opera houses thought The Ghosts of Versailles almost impossible to produce.
My collaborator, William Hoffman, and I always felt that the opera would benefit from being seen through a closer lens. A more economical production and casting scheme would focus the audience on the true nature of the work: that is, that while The Ghosts is, in part, an entertaining buffa, it is also a serious meditation on history and change: specifically, on how change comes about both in politics and in art. Mid-century modernists at their most fundamentalist demanded that we destroy, not merely rethink, the past to forge a new future: a demand of which the guillotine makes a terrible and perfect symbol. But our view of art was that change could come by embracing the past (the opposed worlds of the commoner Beaumarchais and the regal Marie Antoinette) and moving into the future (as did that couple, finally united, in our opera.)
The terrible World Wars that fired the angst and destruction that obsessed the Modernists have been replaced by a more evolutionary view of change. Leningrad has become St. Petersburg again without a shot being fired. Musicians and artists in the 21st century are no longer chained to the severe and limited point of view of the 20th century, despite the antique views of some living musicians and artists of the past.
Perhaps this message will be clearer in this new version. The Met’s introduction of The Ghosts of Versailles was one of the high points of my artistic life. Still, this smaller, focused production may demonstrate — as well as its practicality — more of what the work itself has to say. I can hardly wait.
— John Corigliano
May, 2009
Media
Scores
Reviews
A lyrical masterpiece by this American composer…It was time that this piece was performed in France, a fortiori at the Royal Opera at the Château de Versailles, Summoning the ghosts of Susanna, Figaro, Almaviva and Rosine and cheerfully borrowing from Mozart and Rossini, this score shines particularly brightly in the very place that inspired it.
John Corigliano’s first opera blows on the ever-burning embers of the debate between the ancient and the modern… Corigliano creates a dialogue between a predominantly tonal “reality” for Beaumarchais’ characters and an impressive twelve-tone “surreality” represented by a world of ghosts (Marie-Antoinette, Louis XVI, etc.) resuscitated by a Beaumarchais eager to rewrite the fatal course of a history which put to death a heroine with whom he is here in love… [These] add to the seduction of a show that does not exclude humor: consider when the ghosts play at killing themselves without risk since they are dead! Jay Lesenger’s staging, sure of its twists and turns, advances constantly, as fluid as the curtains that separate the two worlds. Leading a various and perfectly honed cast which calls only for praise are the effortless Figaro of Ben Schaefer, the Susanna of Kayla Siembieda, an Almaviva couple perfect in all respects (Joanna Latini and Brian Wallin), the omniscient Beaumarchais of Jonathan Bryan, and an ardent Cherubino (who is given the most beautiful melody, but who is not named in the credits.) Special mention must be given to the fleet soprano of Teresa Perrotta as Marie-Antoinette and the hallucinatory Bégearss of Christian Sanders, a villain whose shenanigans are underlined by Fafnerian oozings from the synthesizer… Joseph Colaneri conducts a new orchestra created especially for the occasion: the Orchestre de l’Opéra Royal. Their remarkable performance brings out all the effects of a highly effective score.
…the talented, enthusiastic, and experienced company from the Glimmerglass Festival made a persuasive case for this most American treatment of the Old World.
An iconic figure in American music, his masterpiece The Ghosts of Versailles is finally being performed in France, and John Corigliano makes Versailles tremble…William M. Hoffman’s libretto is full of imagination and historical references…A huge success.
The ghosts are reborn tonight in their dwelling at Versailles…The virtuosity of this story, which superimposes such a variety of layers, is found in the score, with its immense richness of timbres, and musical interpretation. The major female vocal roles recall the vocal greatness of Strauss…A loving embrace, acclaimed by the public of Versailles…finally reunited with its ghosts.
The story of Figaro continues, sort of, in the delightful romp “The Ghosts of Versailles,” which opened in a new production Saturday night at the Glimmerglass Festival. William Hoffman’s libretto imagines Marie Antoinette languishing in heaven, bored to death. To amuse her, the smitten Beaumarchais produces a sequel to his previous hits, “The Barber of Seville” and “The Marriage of Figaro.” John Corigliano’s score places the ghosts in clouds of modern dissonance, while the opera within the opera is a quick moving pastiche on Rossini and Mozart.
At long last, a recording of one of the most important American operas – ever...
So this release is something of a milestone, the very first recording of the piece ever, and one that the composer has given his imprimatur, and feels that the cast is every bit the equal of the original. I can’t attest to that since it has been years since I saw the DVD, but this one is certainly outstanding, especially the two “leads” of Christopher Maltman (Beaumarchais) and Patricia Racette (Marie Antoinette). The orchestra is obviously very well-drilled in the score, playing to perfection, with Pentatone’s use of Soundmirror—who seems to be recording everything everywhere these days—an inspired choice, resulting in a superb surround setup.
This is, as well as being a landmark issue, a marvelous opera, mixing buffa elements with a very large operatic experience. The plot, involving author Beaumarchais’s attempt to rewrite history and save his love, Marie Antoinette, from the guillotine, is ingenious in its mixture of past and present, bold and intimate, and the mechanics of change—revolutionary and/or nonviolent, shown in a mélange of smoke and ghostly mirrors—metaphorically speaking—make for an intriguing opera within an opera. The music, at once unsettling and nostalgically comforting, portrays these ideas with vivid communicativeness and exceptional warmth.
Don’t miss this one.
June 18 2009
“The Ghosts of Versailles” commands a special place in this season’s history and the history of the company overall. This opera, brought to the stage Wednesday evening (June 17), rocketed luminously above all this season's shows. In fact, it is an achievement beyond anything the company has produced since 1982, when Jonathan Miller and Calvin Simmons conjured a “Cosi fan tutte” that is not only indelible in the memory, but also an artistic organism to be summoned up and seen and heard as if it had been performed only yesterday, rather than a quarter century ago.
How is such quality achieved? Difficult to say, and if one could figure it out and explain it, all operas would share the greatness of that long-ago “Cosi” and Wednesday’s “The Ghosts of Versailles.”
My supposition is, bringing such a triumph to the stage requires a willingness to take enormous risks – to perform acts of cultural terrorism, as N.Y. Times critic Edward Rothstein said of this opera’s creators. Then, everyone from the general director to the technical staff must share a profound understanding of the necessity of bringing together all the elements of the form in a delicate, difficult-to-achieve equilibrium.
All of this, the light, the sounds, the music, the singing, the rustle of fabric, the glint of swords, pauses, dances, each singer's understanding of her or his place in the show and of his or her character in the universe, the décor and the stage properties, commitment – everything must be come together, and fit together precisely in the operatic puzzle.
…The original production of “The Ghosts of Versailles” at the Metropolitan Opera in 1991 was staggeringly grand in terms of singers, stage personnel, chorus and instrumentalists, as well as technology. The late Colin Graham, for many years artistic director of Opera Theatre, was its Merlin, and from all reports, of those in attendance at the Met or at home with their televisions, the opera packed the force of revelation. The St. Louis production, by necessity, has been scaled down. It doesn’t seem to matter, however. Less, as we have learned over time, often really is more.
…one is mesmerized by the seamlessness of the movement along the surface of the strip. And why is that? Because composer John Corigliano and playwright William T. Hoffman, and, apparently, everyone involved in the St. Louis production embraced risk and achieved the grand synthesis, the vast, complex, thrilling congregation of light and shadow, the sounds and silences the stillnesses and the movement, the music, the set and costumes and props.
All this is pieced together seamlessly, with clear indications of human frailty and frivolity, along with grief and foolishness, with an awareness of misbehavior on a grand scale, with the obligation to both confess and to forgive, and always, always to hope and to pray for some sort of redemption.
To this, Corigliano and Hoffman and the St. Louis company brought an additional element, and that is poetry, which is to say, magic. And therein dwells the success, and the brilliance, of this magnificent show.
could actually like.
of the operatic forms, partly by stripping away the barnacles of accrued tradition, partly by making a big joke of them, and partly by inventing something new and distinctly American: a huge, melting-pot mélange of styles, events, and ideas. . .
Discography
The Ghosts of Versailles

- LabelChâteau du Versailles Spectacles
- Catalogue NumberCVS036
- ConductorJoseph Colaneri
- EnsembleOrchestre de l'Opéra Royal
- SoloistTeresa Perrotta, Jonathan Bryan, Kayla Siembieda, Ben Schaefer, Brian Wallin, Joanna Latini, Peter Morgan, Christian Sanders, Emily Misch, Spencer Britten; Choir and dancers of the Glimmerglass Festival
- Released14th May 2021
The Ghosts of Versailles
- LabelPentaTone
- Catalogue NumberPTC 5186538
- ConductorJames Conlon
- EnsembleLos Angeles Opera
- SoloistPatricia Racette / Christopher Maltman / Kristinn Sigmundsson / Joshua Guerrero
- Released1st April 2016

- LabelDeutsche Grammophon
- Catalogue NumberLaserdisc 440072530-1
- ConductorJames Levine
- EnsembleMetropolitan Opera
- SoloistTeresa Stratas / Renée Fleming / Tracy Dahl / Stella Zambalis / Judith Christin / Marilyn Horne / Jane Shaulis / Graham Clark / Peter Kazaras / Neil Rosenshein / Richard Drews / Gino Quilico / Håkan Hagegard / James Courtney / Ara Berbarian / Wilbur Pauley